Atom, Space, and Sun
Chapter: Central Asia
Collaborators: Zhanana Kurmasheva, Alexandra Kharitonova, GRACE
After World War II, under Stalin and Beria, the Soviet Union launched an extensive nuclear weapons program to rival the United States, marking the start of the Cold War. With the first successful test in 1949, the USSR developed atomic and hydrogen bombs and long range delivery systems, often tested in secret sites. Alongside weapons, the Soviets promoted the “Peaceful Atom,” celebrating nuclear power’s promise of energy and progress. Kazakhstan’s steppe bears the scars of 460 nuclear tests, yet people still live amid contaminated lakes, mutated wildlife, and lingering radiation. The film We Live Here by Zhanna Kurmasheva shows life in Semipalatinsk, where residents remain tied to ancestral land despite the risks. Between 1981 and 1987, the USSR built one of the world’s largest solar furnaces near Tashkent, concentrating sunlight to nearly 3,000 °C for materials research. Modelled on France’s Odeillo facility, the site was chosen for its climate, geology, and local advocacy. Today, it supports energy research and sustainable technologies, standing as one of the USSR’s last major scientific legacies in Central Asia.
Knowledge, People, Material
Chapter: Central Asia
Collaborators: Jenia Kim, The Silk Museum in Tbilisi
Kyrgyzstan’s landscapes combine open plains with steep mountains, rising from valleys at 1,000 m to Jengish Chokusu (Victory Peak, 7,439 m). With 90 percent of land devoted to pasture, the country prioritises livestock over mineral or financial wealth. Climate change now threatens these traditions as glaciers shrink and water becomes scarce. Local communities, NGOs, and government initiatives respond with artificial glaciers and adaptive ecological calendars.